건빵이랑 놀자

7. 정치의 삼요소: 먹을거리, 군사력, 믿음 子貢問政. 子曰: “足食. 足兵. 民信之矣.” 言倉廩實而武備修, 然後敎化行, 而民信於我, 不離叛也. 子貢曰: “必不得已而去, 於斯三者何先?” 曰: “去兵.” 去, 上聲, 下同. ○ 言食足而信孚, 則無兵而守固矣. 子貢曰: “必不得已而去, 於斯二者何先?” 曰: “去食. 自古皆有死, 民無信不立.” 民無食必死, 然死者人之所必不免. 無信則雖生而無以自立, 不若死之爲安. 故寧死而不失信於民, 使民亦寧死而不失信於我也. ○ 程子曰: “孔門弟子善問, 直窮到底, 如此章者, 非子貢不能問, 非聖人不能答也.” 愚謂以人情而言, 則兵食足而後吾之信可以孚於民. 以民德而言, 則信本人之所固有, 非兵食所得而先也. 是以爲政者, 當身率其民而以死守之, 不以危急而可棄也. 해석 子貢問政. 子曰: “足食. ..

6. 참소와 하소연을 통해 보는 현명함이란 子張問明. 子曰: “浸潤之譖, 膚受之愬, 不行焉. 可謂明也已矣. 浸潤之譖膚受之愬不行焉, 可謂遠也已矣.” 譖, 莊蔭反. 愬, 蘇路反. ○ 浸潤, 如水之浸灌滋潤, 漸漬而不驟也. 譖, 毁人之行也. 膚受, 謂肌膚所受, 利害切身. 如『易』所謂“剝床以膚, 切近災”者也. 愬, 愬己之冤也. 毁人者漸漬而不驟, 則聽者不覺其入, 而信之深矣. 愬冤者急迫而切身, 則聽者不及致詳, 而發之暴矣. 二者難察而能察之, 則可見其心之明, 而不蔽於近矣. 此亦必因子張之失而告之, 故其辭繁而不殺, 以致丁寧之意云. ○ 楊氏曰: “驟而語之, 與利害不切於身者, 不行焉, 有不待明者能之也. 故浸潤之譖, 膚受之愬不行, 然後謂之明, 而又謂之遠. 遠則明之至也. 『書』曰: ‘視遠惟明.’” 해석 子張問明. 자장이 밝음에 대..

5. 공경하면 모든 사람들이 다 형제 司馬牛憂曰: “人皆有兄弟, 我獨亡.” 牛有兄弟而云然者, 憂其爲亂而將死也. 子夏曰: “商聞之矣: 蓋聞之夫子. 死生有命, 富貴在天. 命稟於有生之初, 非今所能移; 天莫之爲而爲, 非我所能必, 但當順受而已. 君子敬而無失, 與人恭而有禮. 四海之內, 皆兄弟也. 君子何患乎無兄弟也?” 旣安於命, 又當修其在己者. 故又言‘苟能持己以敬而不間斷, 接人以恭而有節文, 則天下之人皆愛敬之, 如兄弟矣.’ 蓋子夏欲以寬牛之憂, 故爲是不得已之辭, 讀者不以辭害意可也. ○ 胡氏曰: “子夏四海皆兄弟之言, 特以廣司馬牛之意, 意圓而語滯者也, 惟聖人則無此病矣. 且子夏知此而以哭子喪明, 則以蔽於愛而昧於理, 是以不能踐其言爾.” 해석 司馬牛憂曰: “人皆有兄弟, 我獨亡.” 사마우가 근심하며 “사람들이 모두 형제가 있는데 나..

4. 군자란 근심하지 않고 두려워하지 않는다 司馬牛問君子. 子曰: “君子不憂不懼.” 向魋作亂, 牛常憂懼. 故夫子告之以此. 曰: “不憂不懼, 斯謂之君子已乎?” 子曰: “內省不疚, 夫何憂何懼?” 夫, 音扶. ○ 牛之再問, 猶前章之意, 故復告之以此. 疚, 病也. 言由其平日所爲無愧於心, 故能內省不疚, 而自無憂懼, 未可遽以爲易而忽之也. ○ 晁氏曰: “不憂不懼, 由乎德全而無疵. 故無入而不自得, 非實有憂懼而强排遣之也.” 해석 司馬牛問君子. 子曰: “君子不憂不懼.” 사마우가 군자에 대해 물었다. 공자께서 “군자란 근심하지 않으며 두려워하지 않습니다.”라고 말씀하셨다. 向魋作亂, 牛常憂懼. 사마향퇴가 난을 일으켰기에, 그는 항상 두려워하고 근심하였던 것이다. 故夫子告之以此. 그렇기 때문에 부자께서 이러한 이야기로 알려준..

3. 말을 참는 게 인(仁)이라고 사마우에게 알려주다 司馬牛問仁. 司馬牛, 孔子弟子, 名冢, 向魋之弟. 子曰: “仁者其言也訒.” 訒, 音刃. ○ 訒, 忍也, 難也. 仁者心存而不放, 故其言若有所忍而不易發, 蓋其德之一端也. 夫子以牛多言而躁, 故告之以此. 使其於此而謹之, 則所以爲仁之方, 不外是矣. 曰: “其言也訒, 斯謂之仁已乎?” 子曰: “爲之難, 言之得無訒乎?” 牛意仁道至大, 不但如夫子之所言, 故夫子又告之以此. 蓋心常存, 故事不苟, 事不苟, 故其言自有不得而易者, 非强閉之而不出也. 楊氏曰: “觀此及下章再問之語, 牛之易其言可知.” ○ 程子曰: “雖爲司馬牛多言故及此, 然聖人之言, 亦止此爲是.” 愚謂牛之爲人如此, 若不告之以其病之所切, 而泛以爲仁之大匵語之, 則以彼之躁, 必不能深思以去其病, 而終無自以入德矣. 故其告之如..

2. 중궁에게 경(敬)과 서(恕)를 가르치다 仲弓問仁. 子曰: “出門如見大賓, 使民如承大祭. 己所不欲, 勿施於人. 在邦無怨, 在家無怨.” 仲弓曰: “雍雖不敏, 請事斯語矣.” 敬以持己, 恕以及物, 則私意無所容而心德全矣. 內外無怨, 亦以其效言之, 使以自考也. ○ 程子曰: “孔子言仁, 只說出門如見大賓, 使民如承大祭. 看其氣象, 便須心廣體胖, 動容周旋中禮. 惟謹獨, 便是守之之法.” 或問: “出門使民之時, 如此可也; 未出門使民之時, 如之何?” 曰: “此儼若思時也, 有諸中而後見於外. 觀其出門使民之時, 其敬如此, 則前乎此者敬可知矣. 非因出門使民, 然後有此敬也.” 愚按: 克己復禮, 乾道也; 主敬行恕, 坤道也. 顔ㆍ冉之學, 其高下淺深, 於此可見. 然學者誠能從事於敬恕之間而有得焉, 亦將無己之可克矣. 해석 仲弓問仁. 중궁이 ..

1. 사적 욕망을 극복하여 예를 회복하라 凡二十四章. 顔淵問仁. 仁者, 本心之全德. 子曰: “克己復禮爲仁. 克, 勝也. 己, 謂身之私欲也. 復, 反也. 禮者, 天理之節文也. 爲仁者, 所以全其心之德也. 蓋心之全德, 莫非天理, 而亦不能不壞於人欲. 故爲仁者必有以勝私欲而復於禮, 則事皆天理, 而本心之德復全於我矣. 一日克己復禮, 天下歸仁焉. 爲仁由己, 而由人乎哉?” 歸, 猶與也. 又言一日克己復禮, 則天下之人皆與其仁, 極言其效之甚速而至大也. 又言爲仁由己而非他人所能預, 又見其機之在我而無難也. 日日克之, 不以爲難, 則私欲淨盡, 天理流行, 而仁不可勝用矣. 程子曰: “非禮處便是私意. 旣是私意, 如何得仁? 須是克盡己私, 皆歸於禮, 方始是仁.” 又曰: “克己復禮, 則事事皆仁, 故曰天下歸仁.” 謝氏曰: “克己, 須從性偏難克處, ..

선진(先進) 제십일(第十一) 此篇多評弟子賢否. 凡二十五章. 胡氏曰: “此篇記閔子騫言行者四, 而其一直稱‘閔子’, 疑閔氏門人所記也.” 1. 질박한 선배들과 잘 갖춰진 후배들 子曰: “先進於禮樂, 野人也; 後進於禮樂, 君子也. 先進後進, 猶言前輩後輩. 野人, 謂郊外之民. 君子, 謂賢士大夫也. 程子曰: “先進於禮樂, 文質得宜, 今反謂之質朴, 而以爲野人. 後進之於禮樂, 文過其質, 今反謂之彬彬, 而以爲君子. 蓋周末文勝, 故時人之言如此, 不自知其過於文也.” 如用之, 則吾從先進.” 用之, 謂用禮樂. 孔子旣述時人之言, 又自言其如此, 蓋欲損過以就中也. ⇒해석보기 2. 네 분야의 열 명의 뛰어난 이들 子曰: “從我於陳ㆍ蔡者, 皆不及門也.” 從, 去聲. ○ 孔子嘗厄於陳ㆍ蔡之間, 弟子多從之者, 此時皆不在門. 故孔子思之, 蓋不忘..

25. 자로와 증석, 염유, 공서화가 각자의 이상을 얘기하다 子路ㆍ曾晳ㆍ冉有ㆍ公西華侍坐. 坐, 才臥反. ○ 晳, 曾參父, 名點. 子曰: “以吾一日長乎爾, 毋吾以也. 長, 上聲. ○ 言我雖年少長於女, 然女勿以我長而難言. 蓋誘之盡言以觀其志, 而聖人和氣謙德, 於此亦可見矣. 居則曰: 不吾知也! 如或知爾, 則何以哉?” 言女平居, 則言人不知我. 如或有人知女, 則女將何以爲用也? 子路率爾而對曰: “千乘之國, 攝乎大國之間, 加之以師旅, 因之以饑饉; 由也爲之, 比及三年, 可使有勇, 且知方也.” 夫子哂之. 乘, 去聲. 饑, 音機. 饉, 音僅. 比, 必二反, 下同. 哂, 詩忍反. ○ 率爾, 輕遽之貌. 攝, 管束也. 二千五百人爲師, 五百人爲旅. 因, 仍也. 穀不熟曰饑, 菜不熟曰饉. 方, 向也, 謂向義也. 民向義, 則能親其上, ..

24. 공자가 말 잘하는 사람을 미워한 이유 子路使子羔爲費宰. 子路爲季氏宰而擧之也. 子曰: “賊夫人之子.” 夫, 音扶, 下同. ○ 賊, 害也. 言子羔質美而未學, 遽使治民, 適以害之. 子路曰: “有民人焉, 有社稷焉. 何必讀書, 然後爲學?” 言治民事神皆所以爲學. 子曰: “是故惡夫佞者.” 惡, 去聲. ○ 治民事神, 固學者事, 然必學之已成, 然後可仕以行其學. 若初未嘗學, 而使之卽仕以爲學, 其不至於慢神而虐民者幾希矣. 子路之言, 非其本意, 但理屈辭窮, 而取辨於口以禦人耳. 故夫子不斥其非, 而特惡其佞也. ○ 范氏曰: “古者學而後入政. 未聞以政學者也. 蓋道之本在於修身, 而後及於治人, 其說具於方冊. 讀而知之, 然後能行. 何可以不讀書也? 子路乃欲使子羔以政爲學, 失先後本末之序矣. 不知其過而以口給禦人, 故夫子惡其佞也.” 해석 ..

23. 대신(大臣)과 구신(具臣) 季子然問: “仲由ㆍ冉求可謂大臣與?” 與, 平聲. ○ 子然, 季氏子弟. 自多其家得臣二子, 故問之. 子曰: “吾以子爲異之問, 曾由與求之問. 異, 非常也. 曾, 猶乃也. 輕二子以抑季然也. 所謂大臣者: 以道事君, 不可則止. 以道事君者, 不從君之欲. 不可則止者, 必行己之志. 今由與求也, 可謂具臣矣.” 具臣, 謂備臣數而已. 曰: “然則從之者與?” 與, 平聲. ○ 意二子旣非大臣, 則從季氏之所爲而已. 子曰: “弑父與君, 亦不從也.” 言二子雖不足於大臣之道, 然君臣之義則聞之熟矣, 弑逆大故必不從之. 蓋深許二子以死難不可奪之節, 而又以陰折季氏不臣之心也. ○ 尹氏曰: “季氏專權僭竊, 二子仕其家而不能正也, 知其不可而不能止也, 可謂具臣矣. 是時季氏已有無君之心, 故自多其得人. 意其可使從己也, 故曰‘弑..

22. 광 땅에서 시련을 당할 때 안연이 한참 늦게 오다 子畏於匡, 顔淵後. 後, 謂相失在後. 子曰: “吾以女爲死矣.” 女, 音汝. 曰: “子在, 回何敢死?” 何敢死, 謂不赴鬪而必死也. 胡氏曰: “先王之制, 民生於三, 事之如一. 惟其所在, 則致死焉. 況顔淵之於孔子, 恩義兼盡, 又非他人之爲師弟子者而已. 卽夫子不幸而遇難, 回必捐生以赴之矣. 捐生以赴之, 幸而不死, 則必上告天子, 下告方伯, 請討以復讐, 不但已也. 夫子而在, 則回何爲而不愛其死, 以犯匡人之鋒乎?” 해석 子畏於匡, 顔淵後. 공자께서 광땅에서 경계하는 마음이 있었는데 안회가 뒤처져 있었다. 後, 謂相失在後. 후(後)는 서로를 잃어 뒤처져 있다는 말이다. 子曰: “吾以女爲死矣.” 공자께서 “나는 니가 죽었다고 생각했다.”라고 말씀하시니, 女, 音汝. 曰..

21. 공자, 사람에 따라 다르게 가르치다 子路問: “聞斯行諸?” 子曰: “有父兄在, 如之何其聞斯行之?” 冉有問: “聞斯行諸?” 子曰: “聞斯行之.” 公西華曰: “由也問聞斯行諸, 子曰 ‘有父兄在; 求也問聞斯行諸,’ 子曰 ‘聞斯行之.’ 赤也惑, 敢問.” 子曰: “求也退, 故進之; 由也兼人, 故退之.” 兼人, 謂勝人也. 張敬夫曰: “聞義固當勇爲, 然有父兄在, 則有不可得而專者. 若不稟命而行, 則反傷於義矣. 子路有聞, 未之能行, 唯恐有聞. 則於所當爲, 不患其不能爲矣; 特患爲之之意或過, 而於所當稟命者有闕耳. 若冉求之資稟失之弱, 不患其不稟命也; 患其於所當爲者逡巡畏縮, 而爲之不勇耳. 聖人一進之, 一退之, 所以約之於義理之中, 而使之無過不及之患也.” 해석 子路問: “聞斯行諸?” 子曰: “有父兄在, 如之何其聞斯行之?” 자..

20. 군자와 겉모습만 장엄한 사람 子曰: “論篤是與, 君子者乎? 色莊者乎?” 與, 如字. ○ 言但以其言論篤實而與之, 則未知其爲君子者乎? 爲色莊者乎? 言不可以言貌取人也. ○ 皇侃『論語集解義疏』曰: “論篤者謂口無擇言, 君子者謂身無鄙行也, 色莊者不惡而嚴以逺小人者也. 言此三者皆可以爲善人也.” 해석 子曰: “論篤是與, 君子者乎? 色莊者乎?” 공자께서 “언론이 그를 독실하다고 허여한다면, 군자인 것인가, 겉모습만 장엄한 것인가?”라고 말씀하셨다. 與, 如字. ○ 言但以其言論篤實而與之, 다만 언론이 독실하다고 허여한다면 則未知其爲君子者乎? 爲色莊者乎? 군자가 되는지, 안색만 장엄한 것인지 알지 못하겠다는 말이다. 言不可以言貌取人也. 말과 겉모습으로 사람을 취할 수 없다는 말이다. ○ 皇侃『論語集解義疏』曰: 황간이 ..

19. 선인(善人)이란 子張問善人之道. 善人, 質美而未學者也. 子曰: “不踐迹, 亦不入於室.” 程子曰: “踐迹, 如言循途守轍. 善人雖不必踐舊迹而自不爲惡, 然亦不能入聖人之室也.” ○ 張子曰: “善人欲仁而未志於學者也. 欲仁, 故雖不踐成法, 亦不蹈於惡, 有諸己也. 由不學, 故無自而入聖人之室也.” 해석 子張問善人之道. 자장이 선인의 도를 여쭈니, 善人, 質美而未學者也. 선인(善人)은 자질은 아름다운데 배우지 않은 사람이다. 子曰: “不踐迹, 亦不入於室.” 공자께서 “성인의 자취를 밟지 않아도 악을 행하진 않으나 또한 성인의 경지에 들어가진 못했다.”라고 말씀하셨다. 程子曰: “踐迹, 如言循途守轍. 정이천이 말했다. “천적(踐迹)은 길을 따르고 궤적을 지킨다는 말과 같다. 善人雖不必踐舊迹而自不爲惡, 선인은 비록 ..

18. 안회와 자공에 대한 평가 子曰: “回也其庶乎, 屢空. 庶, 近也, 言近道也. 屢空, 數至空匱也. 不以貧窶動心而求富, 故屢至於空匱也. 言其近道, 又能安貧也. 賜不受命, 而貨殖焉, 億則屢中.” 中, 去聲. ○ 命, 謂天命. 貨殖, 貨財生殖也. 億, 意度也. 言子貢不如顔子之安貧樂道, 然其才識之明, 亦能料事而多中也. 程子曰: “子貢之貨殖, 非若後人之豐財, 但此心未忘耳. 然此亦子貢少時事, 至聞性與天道, 則不爲此矣.” ○ 范氏曰: “屢空者, 簞食瓢飮屢絶而不改其樂也. 天下之物, 豈有可動其中者哉? 貧富在天, 而子貢以貨殖爲心, 則是不能安受天命矣. 其言而多中者億而已, 非窮理樂天者也. 夫子嘗曰: ‘賜不幸言而中, 是使賜多言也’, 聖人之不貴言也如是.” 해석 子曰: “回也其庶乎, 屢空. 공자께서 말씀하셨다. “안회는 도(..

17. 자고, 증삼, 자장, 자로에 대한 평가 柴也愚, 柴, 孔子弟子, 姓高, 字子羔. 愚者, 知不足而厚有餘. 『家語』記其“足不履影, 啓蟄不殺, 方長不折. 執親之喪, 泣血三年, 未嘗見齒. 避難而行, 不徑不竇”. 可以見其爲人矣. 參也魯, 魯, 鈍也. 程子曰: “參也竟以魯得之.” 又曰: “曾子之學, 誠篤而已. 聖門學者, 聰明才辯, 不爲不多, 而卒傳其道, 乃質魯之人爾. 故學以誠實爲貴也.” 尹氏曰: “曾子之才魯, 故其學也確, 所以能深造乎道也.” 師也辟, 辟, 婢亦反. ○ 辟, 便辟也. 謂習於容止, 少誠實也. 由也喭. 喭, 五旦反. ○ 喭, 粗俗也. 傳稱喭者, 謂俗論也. ○ 楊氏曰: “四者性之偏, 語之使知自勵也.” 吳氏曰: “此章之首, 脫‘子曰’二字.” 或疑下章‘子曰’, 當在此章之首, 而通爲一章. 해석 柴也愚, ..

16. 소자들아 염구는 우리의 무리가 아니니 성토하라 季氏富於周公, 而求也爲之聚斂而附益之. 爲, 去聲. ○ 周公以王室至親, 有大功, 位冢宰, 其富宜矣. 季氏以諸侯之卿, 而富過之, 非攘奪其君, 刻剝其民, 何以得此? 冉有爲季氏宰, 又爲之急賦稅以益其富. 子曰: “非吾徒也. 小子鳴鼓而攻之, 可也.” 非吾徒, 絶之也. 小子鳴鼓而攻之, 使門人聲其罪以責之也. 聖人之惡黨惡而害民也如此. 然師嚴而友親, 故己絶之, 而猶使門人正之, 又見其愛人之無已也. ○ 范氏曰: “冉有以政事之才, 施於季氏. 故爲不善至於如此. 由其心術不明, 不能反求諸身, 而以仕爲急故也.” 해석 季氏富於周公, 而求也爲之聚斂而附益之. 계씨가 주공보다 부자가 되었지만 염구는 그를 위해 세금을 왕창 거둬 더해주었다. 爲, 去聲. ○ 周公以王室至親, 有大功, 位冢宰,..

15. 과유불급(過猶不及) 子貢問: “師與商也孰賢?” 子曰: “師也過, 商也不及.” 子張才高意廣, 而好爲苟難, 故常過中. 子夏篤信謹守, 而規模狹隘, 故常不及. 曰: “然則師愈與?” 與, 平聲. ○ 愈, 猶勝也. 子曰: “過猶不及.” 道以中庸爲至. 賢知之過, 雖若勝於愚不肖之不及, 然其失中則一也. ○ 尹氏曰: “中庸之爲德也, 其至矣乎! 夫過與不及, 均也. 差之毫釐, 繆以千里. 故聖人之敎, 抑其過, 引其不及, 歸於中道而已.” 해석 子貢問: “師與商也孰賢?” 子曰: “師也過, 商也不及.” 자공이 “자장과 자하 중 누가 낫습니까?”라고 여쭈니, 공자께서 “자장은 지나치고 자하는 미치질 못한다.”라고 말씀하셨다. 子張才高意廣, 而好爲苟難, 자장은 재질이 뛰어나고 뜻이 광활하여 구차하고 어려운 것 하기를 좋아하기 때..

14. 당에 오르는 경지와 실에 들어오는 경지 子曰: “由之瑟奚爲於丘之門?” 程子曰: “言其聲之不和, 與己不同也.” 『家語』云: “子路鼓瑟, 有北鄙殺伐之聲.” 蓋其氣質剛勇, 而不足於中和, 故其發於聲者如此. 門人不敬子路. 子曰: “由也升堂矣, 未入於室也.” 門人以夫子之言, 遂不敬子路, 故夫子釋之. 升堂ㆍ入室, 喩入道之次第. 言子路之學, 已造乎正大高明之域, 特未深入精微之奧耳, 未可以一事之失而遽忽之也. 해석 子曰: “由之瑟奚爲於丘之門?” 공자께서 “유의 비파소리가 어찌하여 나의 문에서 나오는가?”라고 말씀하셨다. 程子曰: “言其聲之不和, 정이천이 말했다. “그 소리가 화하지 못하여 與己不同也.” 자기와 달랐기에 말씀하신 것이다.” 『家語』云: “子路鼓瑟, 『가어』에 쓰여 있다. ‘자로가 비파를 타니 有北鄙殺伐..

13. 창고를 새로 만드는 너 아웃! 魯人爲長府. 長府, 藏名. 藏貨財曰府. 爲, 蓋改作之. 閔子騫曰: “仍舊貫, 如之何? 何必改作?” 仍, 因也. 貫, 事也. 王氏曰: “改作, 勞民傷財. 在於得已, 則不如仍舊貫之善.” 子曰: “夫人不言, 言必有中.” 夫, 音扶. 中, 去聲. ○ 言不妄發, 發必當理, 惟有德者能之. 해석 魯人爲長府. 노나라 사람들이 장부(長府)라는 재물창고를 새롭게 짖자, 長府, 藏名. 장부(長府)는 창고의 명칭이다. 藏貨財曰府. 재물을 저장하는 곳을 부(府)라 한다. 爲, 蓋改作之. 위(爲)는 대개 고쳐 짓는 것이다. 閔子騫曰: “仍舊貫, 如之何? 何必改作?” 민자건이 “옛 것대로 하는 게 어떻습니까? 하필 새로 짓습니까?”라고 말했다. 仍, 因也. 貫, 事也. 잉(仍)는 인한다는 뜻이..

12. 자로가 제 명대로 살지 못하겠구나 閔子侍側, 誾誾如也; 子路, 行行如也; 冉有ㆍ子貢, 侃侃如也. 子樂. 誾, 侃, 音義見前篇. 行, 胡浪反. 樂, 音洛. ○ 行行, 剛强之貌. 子樂者, 樂得英材而敎育之. “若由也, 不得其死然.” 尹氏曰: “子路剛强, 有不得其死之理, 故因以戒之. 其後子路卒死於衛孔悝之難.” 洪氏曰: “『漢書』引此句, 上有曰字.” 或云: “上文樂字, 卽曰字之誤.” 해석 閔子侍側, 誾誾如也; 子路, 行行如也; 冉有ㆍ子貢, 侃侃如也. 子樂. 민자건이 곁에서 모실 땐 온화한 듯하였고 자로는 굳센 듯하였으며 염유와 자공은 강직한 듯하니, 공자께서 즐거워하셨다. 誾, 侃, 音義見前篇. 行, 胡浪反. 樂, 音洛. ○ 行行, 剛强之貌. 항항(行行)은 굳세고 강한 모양이다. 子樂者, 樂得英材而敎育之...

제60장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 He saw a Samaritan carrying a lamb as he was going to Judea. 2 He said to his followers, “That person is carrying the lamb round.” 3 They said to him, “Then he may kill it and eat it.” 4 He said to them, “He will not eat it while it is alive, but only after he has killed it and it has become a carcass.” 5 They said, “Otherwise he cannot do it.” 6 He said to them, “So als..

제59장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Take heed of the living one while you are alive, lest you die and seek to see him and be unable to do so.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “Look for the Living One while you are alive, so that you will not die (and) then seek to see him. And you will not be able to see (him).” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “너희가 살아 있는 동안 살아있는 자를 유의하라, 그렇지 않으면 너..

제58장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Blessed is the person who has labored and has found life.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “Blessed is the person who has struggled. He has found life.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “고통을 겪고 삶을 발견한 자는 복이 있도다.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “고통을 겪기에 생명을 발견하는 자여! 복이 있도다.” 인용 목차 고통 끝에 생명, 고진감래 도마복음 이야기 기독교성서의 이해

제57장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “The kingdom of the father is like a person who had ［good］seed. 2 His enemy came at night and sowed weeds among the good seed. 3 The person did not let them pull up the weeds, but said to them, ' No, otherwise you might go intending to pull up the weeds and pull up the wheat along with them.' 4 For on the day of the harvest the weeds will be conspicuous and w..

제56장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Whoever has come to know the world has discovered a carcass, 2 and whoever has discovered a carcass, of the person the world is not worthy.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “Whoever has come to know the world has found a corpse. 2 And whoever has found (this) corpse, of him the world is not worthy.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “누구라도 이 세상을 ..

제55장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Whoever does not hate his father and his mother cannot become a follower of me. 2 And whoever does not hate his brothers and sisters and take up his cross in my way will not be worthy of me.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: Whoever does not hate his father and his mother cannot become a disciple of mine. 2 And whoever does not hate h..

제54장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Blessed are the poor, for yours is the kingdom of heaven.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “Blessed are the poor. For the kingdom of heaven belongs to you.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “가난한 자는 복이 있으니, 하늘 나라가 너희 것이기 때문이다.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “가난한 자는 복이 있나니 하늘나라가 너희 것임이라. 인용 목차 가난한 자는 버린 자 도마복음 이야기 기독교성서의 이해

제53장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 His followers said to him, “Is circumcision beneficial or not?” 2 He said to them, “If it were beneficial, their father would beget them already circumcised from their mother. 3 Rather, the true circumcision in spirit has become completely profitable.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 His disciples said to him: “Is circumcision beneficial, or not?” 2 He said ..

제52장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 His followers said to him, “Twenty-four prophets have spoke in Israel, and they all spoke of you.” 2 He said to them, “You have disregarded the living one who is in your presence and have spoken of the dead.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 His disciples said to him: “Twenty-four prophets have spoken in Israel, and all (of them) have spoken through you.” 2 H..

제51장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 His followers said to him, “When will the rest for the dead take place, and when will the new world come?” 2 He said to them, “What you look for has come, but you do not know it.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 His disciples said to him: When will the of the dead take place, and when will the new world come?” 2 He said to them: “That (resurrection) which yo..

제50장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “If they say to you, ‘Where have you come from?’, say to them, ‘We have came from the light, from the place where the light came into being by itself, established［itself］, appeared in their image.’ 2 If they say to you, ‘Is it you?’ say, ‘We are its children, and we are the chosen of the living father.’ 3 If they ask you, ‘What is the evidence of your father ..

제49장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Blessed are those who are alone and chosen, For you will find the kingdom. 2 For you have come from it, and you will return there again.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “Blessed are the solitary ones, the elect. For you will find the kingdom. 2 For you come from it (and) will return to it.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “복이 있도다 홀로되고 선택된 자여,..

제48장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “If two make peace with each other in a single house, they will say to the mountain, ' Move from hear, ' and it will move.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “If two make peace with one another in one and the same house, (then) they will say to the mountain: ‘Move away,’ and it will move away.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “이 한 집 안에서 둘이 서로 평화를 이..

제47장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “A person cannot mount two horses or bend two bows. 2 And a servant cannot serve two masters, or that servant will honor the one and offend the other. 3 No person drinks aged wine and immediately desires to drink new wine. 4 And new wine is not poured into aged wineskins, or they might burst, and aged wine is not poured into a new wineskin, or it might spoil...

제46장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “From Adam to John the Baptist, among those born of women, there is no one greater than John the Baptist, so that his eyes should not be averted. 2 But I have said that whoever among you becomes a child will know the kingdom and will become greater than John.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “From Adam to John the Baptist, among those..

제45장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Grapes are not harvested from thorns, nor are figs gathered from thistles, for they do not produce fruit. 2 A good man brings forth good from his storehouse; 3 an evil man brings forth evil things from his evil storehouse, which is in his heart, and says evil things. 4 For out of the abundance of the heart he brings forth evil things.” Stephen J. Patterson a..

제44장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Whoever blasphemes against the father will be forgiven, 2 and whoever blasphemes against the son will be forgiven, 3 but whoever blasphemes against the holy spirit will not be forgiven, either on earth or in heaven.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “Whoever blasphemes against the Father, it will be forgiven him. 2 And whoever blasphe..

제43장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 His followers said to him, “Who are you to say these things to us?” 2 (Jesus said to them,) “You do not know who I am from what I say to you. 3 Rather, you have become like the Jewish people, for they love the tree but hate its fruit, or they love the fruit but hate the tree.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 His disciples said to him: “Who are you to say thi..

제42장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Be passersby.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “Become passers-by.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “방랑자들이 되어라.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “방랑하는 자들이 되어라.” 인용 목차 방랑하는 자 도마복음 이야기 기독교성서의 이해

제41장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Whoever has something in hand will be given more, 2 and whoever has nothing will be deprived of even the little that person has.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “Whoever has (something) in his hand (something more) will be given to him. 2 And whoever has nothing, even the little he has will be taken from him.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, ..

제40장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “A grapevine has been planted outside of the father. 2 Since it is not sound, it will be pulled up by its root and will perish.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “A grapevine was planted outside (the vineyard) of the Father. 2 And since it is not supported, it will be pulled up by its rootsa) will perish.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “포도나무 한..

제39장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “The Pharisees and the scribes have taken the keys of Knowledge and hidden them. 2 They themselves have not entered, nor have they allowed to enter those who wish to. 3 As for you, be as wise as serpents and as innocent as doves.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “The Pharisees and the scribes have received the keys of knowledge, (but)..

제38장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Many times have you desired to hear these words which I am saying to you, and you have no one else to hear them from. 2 There will be days when you will seek me and will not find me.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “Many times have you desired to hear these words, these that I am speaking to you, and you have no one else from whom t..

제37장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 His followers said, “When will You become revealed to us and when shall we see You?” 2 Jesus said, “When you strip without being ashamed and you take your clothes and put them under your feet like little children and trample them, 3 then you will see the son of the living one and you will not be afraid.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 His disciples said: “W..

제36장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Do not be concerned from morning until evening and from evening until morning about what you will wear.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “Do not worry from morning to evening and from evening to morning about what you will wear.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “아침부터 저녁까지 또 저녁부터 아침까지 무엇을 입을까 염려하지 말라.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “아침부터 저녁까지 그리고 저녁부터 아침까지 무엇을..

제35장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “It is not possible for anyone to enter the house of a strong man and take it by force unless he binds the person's hands. 2 Then he will be able to ransack the person's house.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “It is not possible for someone to enter the house of a strong (person) (and) take it by force unless he binds his hands. 2 Th..

제34장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “If a blind man leads a blind man, both of them will fall into a pit.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “If a blind (person) leads a blind (person), both will fall into a pit.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “소경이 소경을 인도하면 둘 다 구덩이에 빠지리라.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “눈먼 자가 눈먼 자를 인도하면 둘이 다 구덩이에 빠지리라.” 인용 목차 눈먼 자가 눈먼 자를 도마복음 이야기 기독교성서의 이해

제33장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “What you(sg.) will hear in your(sg.) ear, in the other ear proclaim from your(pl.) rooftops. 2 For no one lights a lamp and puts it under a bushel, nor does put it in a hidden place, 3 But rather he set it on a lampstand so that everyone who enters and leaves will see its light.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: What you will hear wit..

제32장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “A city being built on a high mountain and fortified cannot fall, nor can it be hidden.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “A city built upon a high mountain (and) fortified cannot fall, nor can it be hidden.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “높은 산 위에 요새처럼 지어진 마을은 무너질 수 없고 또한 숨겨질 수도 없다.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “높은 산 위에 지어진 요새처럼 강화된 동네는 무너질 수 없고 또한 숨겨질 수도 없..

제31장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “A prophet is not acceptable in the prophet's own town; 2 a doctor does not heal those who know the doctor.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “No prophet is accepted in his (own) village. 2 A physician does not heal those who know him.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “선지자는 아무도 자신의 마을에서 환영 받지 못한다. 2 의사는 아무도 그 의사를 아는 자들을 치료하지 않는다.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사..

제30장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Where there are three gods, they are gods. 2 Where there are two or one, I am with that one.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “Where there are three gods, they are gods. 2 Where there are two or one, I am with him.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “세 신이 있는 곳이라면, 그들은 신들이다. 2 둘 혹은 하나가 있다면, 나는 그와 함께 있다.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “세 명의 신들이 있는 곳에선 그들은 신들일 뿐..

제29장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “If the flesh came into being because of spirit, it is a wonder. 2 But if spirit came into being because of the body, it is a wonder of wonders. 3 Indeed, I am amazed at how this great wealth has come to dwell in this poverty.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “If the flesh came into being because of the spirit, it is a wonder. 2 But i..

제28장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “I took my stand in the midst of the world, and I appeared to them in the flesh. 2 I found all of them intoxicated, and I did not find any of them thirsty. 3 My soul ached for the sons of men, because they are blind in their hearts and do not have sight; for empty they came into the world, and empty too they seek to leave the world. 4 But for the moment they ..

제27장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 (Jesus said,) “If you do not fast from the world, you will not find the kingdom. 2 If you do not observe the Sabbath as a Sabbath, you will not see the Father.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 (Jesus says:) “If you do not abstain from the world, you will not find the kingdom. 2 If you do not make the Sabbath into a Sabbath, you will not see the Father.” mizi..

제26장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “You(sg.) see the speck that is in your brother's eye, but you do not see the beam that is in your own eye. 2 When you take the beam out of your own eye, then you will see clearly to take the speck out of your brother's eye.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “You see the splinter that is in your brother’s eye, but you do not see the be..

제25장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Love your(sg.) brother like your soul, guard that person like the pupil of your eye.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “Love your brother like your life! 2 Protect him like the apple of your eye!” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “네 형제를 네 혼처럼 사랑하라, 2 그를 네 눈의 동자처럼 보호하라.” 도올역 1 예수께서 가라사대 “네 형제를 네 영혼과 같이 사랑하라. 2 그 사람을 네 눈의 동자처럼 보호하라.” 인용 목차 형제와 이웃 ..

제24장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 His disciples said, “Show us the place where you are, for we must seek it.” 2 He said to them, “Whoever has ears, let him hear. 3 There is light within a person of light, and it shines on the whole world. If it does not shine, it is dark.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 His disciples said: “Show us the place where you are, because it is necessary for us to ..

제23장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “I shall choose you, one out of a thousand, and two out of ten thousand, 2 and they will stand as a single one.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “I will choose you, one from a thousand and two from ten thousand. 2 And they will stand as a single one.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “내가 너희를 천에 하나, 만에 둘을 택할 것이다, 2 그리고 그들은 하나된 자로 서 있게 될 것이다.” 도올역..

제22장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus saw some babies being suckled. 2 He said to his disciples, “These babies being suckled are like those who enter the kingdom.” 3 They said to him, “Shall we then, as babies, enter the kingdom?” 4 Jesus said to them, “When you make the two into one, and when you make the inner like the outer and the outer like the inner, and the upper like the lower, 5 and when you m..

제21장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Mary said to Jesus, “What are your disciples like?” 2 He said, “They are like children living in a field that is not theirs. 3 When the owners of the field come, they will say, ‘Give our field back to us.’ 4 They take off their clothes in front of them in order to give it back to them, and they return their field to them. 5 For this reason I say, if the owner of a house ..

제20장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 The disciples said to Jesus, “Tell us what the kingdom of heaven is like.” 2 He said to them, “It is like a mustard seed. 3 It is the smallest of all seeds, 4 but when it falls on tilled soil, it produces a great plant and becomes a shelter for birds of heaven.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 The disciples said to Jesus: “Tell us whom the kingdom of heaven ..

제19장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Blessed is the one who came into being before coming into being. 2 If you become my disciples and listen to my words, these stones will minister to you. 3 For there are five trees in Paradise for you; they do not change, summer or winter, and their leaves do not fall. 4 Whoever knows them will not taste death.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Je..

제18장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 The followers said to Jesus, “Tell us how our end will be.” 2 Jesus said, “Have you discovered the beginning, then, so that you are seeking the end? You see, where the beginning is the end will be. 3 Blessed is the one who stands at the beginning: That one will know the end and will not taste death.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 The disciples said to Jesu..

제17장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “I shall give you what no eye has seen, what no ear has heard, what no hand has touched, what has not arisen in the human mind.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 Jesus says: “I will give you what no eye has seen, and what no ear has heard, and what no hand has touched, and what has not occurred to the human mind.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “어느 눈도 본 적이..

제16장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “Perhaps people think that I have come to cast peace upon the world. 2 They do not know that I have come to cast conflicts upon the earth: fire, sword, and war. 3 For there will be five in a house: there will be three against two and two against three, father against son and son against father, 4 and they will stand alone.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. R..

제15장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “When you see one who was not born of woman, prostrate yourself on your faces and worship him. That one is your father.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson Jesus says: “When you see one who was not born of woman, fall on your face (and) worship him. That one is your Father.” mizian 1 예수께서 말씀하시기를, “여자의 몸을 통하지 않고 세상에 나온 자를 보거든 얼굴을 땅에 대고 경배하라. 그가 너의 아버지이..

제14장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said to them, “If you fast, you will bring sin upon yourselves; 2 and if you pray, you will be condemned; 3 and if you give alms, you will do harm to your sprits. 4 When you go into any land and walk about in the countryside, when people take you in, eat what they serve you and heal the sick among them. 5 For what goes into your mouth will not defile you; rather, i..

제13장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said to his disciples, “Compare me to something and tell me what I am like.” 2 Simon Peter said to him, “You are like a righteous angel.” 3 Matthew said to him, “You are like a wise philosopher.” 4 Thomas said to him, “Teacher, my mouth is utterly unable to say what you are like.” 5 Jesus said, “I am not your teacher. Because you have drunk, you have become intoxic..

제12장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 The followers said to Jesus, “We know that you are going to leave us. Who will be our leader?” 2 Jesus said to them, “Wherever you are, you are to go to James the Righteous, for whose sake heaven and earth came into being.” Stephen J. Patterson and James M. Robinson 1 The disciples said to Jesus: “We know that you will depart from us. Who (then) will rule [lit., ‘be grea..

제11장 Thomas O. Lambdin 1 Jesus said, “This heaven will pass away, and the one above it will pass away. 2 The dead are not alive, and the living will not die. 3 In the days when you ate what is dead, you made it alive. When you come to dwell in the light, what will you do? 4 on the day when you were one, you became two. But when you become two, what will you do?” Stephen J. Patterson and James M...